Pinealon
Also known as: Glu-Asp-Arg, EDR, Brain Bioregulator
Pinealon (EDR) is a synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) from the Khavinson bioregulator program, designed to target brain and central nervous system tissue. It is researched for neuroprotective, cognitive-enhancing, and anti-aging effects on neural tissue.
Pinealon is a 378.34 Da research peptide. Pinealon (EDR) is a synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) from the Khavinson bioregulator program, designed to target brain and central nervous system tissue. It is researched for neuroprotective, cognitive-enhancing, and anti-aging effects on neural tissue.
Also called: Glu-Asp-Arg, EDR, Brain Bioregulator
378.34
Molecular Weight
Daltons
0
Strong Evidence
benefits
5
Studies Cited
peer-reviewed
5000-10000
Typical Dose
mcg
Overview
Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide consisting of Glutamic acid-Aspartic acid-Arginine (EDR), developed as part of Professor Vladimir Khavinson's bioregulatory peptide program at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. It is classified as a brain-specific bioregulator, designed to interact with DNA sequences in neural tissue to restore gene expression patterns associated with youthful brain function. Pinealon is named for its relationship to the pineal gland and CNS, though its effects extend across brain tissue generally. Research from the Khavinson group suggests Pinealon penetrates cell membranes and nuclear membranes, interacting with specific DNA sequences to modulate gene expression involved in neuronal survival, neurotransmitter synthesis, and neuroprotection. Studies have demonstrated neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress and excitotoxicity in cell culture models, as well as cognitive-enhancing effects in animal models of aging and neurodegeneration. Like other Khavinson bioregulators, Pinealon is used in course-based protocols and is frequently combined with Epitalon and other tissue-specific peptides.
Key Takeaways: Pinealon
- Research doses typically range from 5000 to 10000 mcg via subcutaneous injection
- 0 benefits with strong evidence, 1 moderate, 3 preliminary
- Half-life: Minutes (typical of short peptides)
- 5 cited research studies in this guide
Mechanism of Action
Pinealon is proposed to interact directly with DNA in neural tissue, according to Khavinson's bioregulation theory. The tripeptide is small enough to cross cell membranes and nuclear membranes without requiring receptor-mediated endocytosis. Research suggests EDR interacts with specific nucleotide sequences in gene promoter regions involved in neuronal survival pathways, neurotransmitter enzyme expression, and anti-apoptotic signaling. In cell culture studies, Pinealon has been shown to protect neurons against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage by upregulating antioxidant enzyme expression (SOD, catalase) and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2). It has been reported to normalize serotonin and dopamine metabolism in aging brain tissue, potentially through modulation of synthetic enzyme expression. The peptide may also influence chromatin remodeling, affecting the accessibility of neuroprotective gene clusters. In the Khavinson framework, Pinealon restores the age-related decline in brain-specific gene expression patterns, effectively 'reprogramming' neural tissue toward more youthful functional states.
Research Benefits
Pinealon at a Glance
Pinealon is proposed to interact directly with DNA in neural tissue, according to Khavinson's bioregulation theory.
Neuroprotection Against Oxidative Stress
Moderate EvidenceCell culture studies show Pinealon protects neurons from oxidative damage, reducing apoptosis and maintaining cell viability under stress conditions.
Cognitive Enhancement in Aging
PreliminaryAnimal studies report improved learning and memory in aged rodents treated with Pinealon, with restoration of neurotransmitter balance.
Neurotransmitter Normalization
PreliminaryResearch suggests restoration of serotonin and dopamine metabolism in aging brain tissue, potentially improving mood and cognitive function.
Gene Expression Modulation in Neural Tissue
PreliminaryProposed tissue-specific gene regulation in CNS cells, restoring youthful expression patterns of neuroprotective and neurotransmitter-related genes.
Research Dosing Protocols
Research Purposes Only: All content is for informational and research purposes only. This site does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any peptide or supplement.
| Research Protocol | Dose Range | Route |
|---|---|---|
| Subcutaneous protocol | 5000–10000 mcg | Subcutaneous injection |
| Intranasal research | 200–500 mcg | Intranasal spray |
| Oral capsule (Russian formulation) | 5000–10000 mcg | Oral capsule |
Frequency
Once or twice daily during treatment courses
Timing
No strict timing; some protocols recommend morning dosing for cognitive effects
Cycle Length
10-30 day courses, repeated 2-3 times per year
Research Notes
- 1Available in Russia as an oral supplement (Pinealon capsules).
- 2Frequently combined with Epitalon in anti-aging protocols.
- 3Small tripeptide; may have oral bioavailability (proposed by Khavinson group).
- 4Most research originates from Russian institutions.
- 5No serious adverse effects reported in published studies.
Reconstitution Guide
Standard Reconstitution
Vial Size
10 mg
Bacteriostatic Water
2 mL
Concentration
50 mcg
per 0.1 mL (10 units)
Step-by-Step Guide
Gather Materials
Pinealon vial, bacteriostatic water, alcohol swabs, insulin syringes.
Equilibrate Temperature
Remove the vial from storage and allow it to reach room temperature (5-10 minutes).
Sanitize
Swab the rubber stopper of both the peptide vial and bacteriostatic water vial with alcohol.
Draw Water
Draw 2 mL of bacteriostatic water into a syringe.
Add Water to Vial
Insert the needle into the peptide vial and direct the water stream against the glass wall — not directly onto the powder.
Mix Gently
Swirl the vial gently until the powder is fully dissolved. Never shake. The solution should be clear and colorless.
Store Properly
Refrigerate at Refrigerated (2-8°C) after reconstitution. Up to 30 days refrigerated.
Storage Temperature
Refrigerated (2-8°C) after reconstitution
Shelf Life
Up to 30 days refrigerated
Important Notes
- •Reconstitute with bacteriostatic water.
- •Small, stable tripeptide.
- •Store lyophilized powder at room temperature or refrigerated.
Pinealon Dosing Calculator
Calculate daily intake, cycle totals, and vials needed with pre-filled protocols →
Pinealon Reconstitution Calculator
Calculate concentration, syringe units, and doses per vial with auto-filled values →
Safety & Side Effects
Reported Side Effects
- !Injection site reactions (mild)
- !No significant adverse effects in published studies
- !Mild drowsiness (rare)
- !Well tolerated across published research
Potential Interactions
- ⚡Compatible with other Khavinson bioregulators.
- ⚡Theoretical additive effects with nootropic agents.
- ⚡No adverse interactions reported.
- ⚡Caution with medications affecting serotonin levels (theoretical).
Important: Side effects and interactions listed here are compiled from published research and community reports. This is not a complete list. No formal drug interaction studies have been conducted for most research peptides. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.
Research Studies
The following studies are referenced in this profile. PubMed IDs are provided where available for independent verification.
Neuroprotective effects of EDR peptide on cortical neurons
Demonstrated Pinealon protects cortical neurons from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in cell culture, with upregulation of anti-apoptotic gene expression.
Short peptides regulate gene expression in brain tissue
Showed EDR peptide interacts with DNA in neural cells, modulating expression of genes involved in neurotransmitter synthesis and neuronal survival.
Tripeptides restore cognitive function in aged rodents
Animal study demonstrating improved learning and memory performance in aged rats treated with Pinealon, with normalization of serotonin/dopamine ratios.
Peptide bioregulators in neurodegeneration prevention
thorough review of Khavinson peptide bioregulators for CNS applications, including Pinealon's role in neuroprotection and cognitive maintenance during aging.
EDR peptide penetrates cell membranes and nuclear envelope
Demonstrated that the EDR tripeptide can penetrate cell membranes and reach the nucleus, supporting the proposed mechanism of direct DNA interaction.
Note: This is not an exhaustive list of all published research. Studies are selected for relevance and quality. Click PubMed IDs to verify sources independently. Inclusion does not imply endorsement of the peptide for any clinical use.
Frequently Asked Questions
Pinealon (EDR) is a synthetic tripeptide brain bioregulator from the Khavinson research program. It is designed to protect neurons, enhance cognition, and normalize neurotransmitter function in aging brain tissue.
Epitalon (AEDG) targets telomerase and pineal melatonin production. Pinealon (EDR) is brain-specific, targeting neuroprotection and cognitive function. They are often used together in anti-aging protocols.
The Khavinson group has developed oral capsule formulations of Pinealon, proposing that the small tripeptide size allows some oral absorption. However, oral bioavailability data is limited compared to injectable administration.
Research is primarily from Russian institutions. While intriguing, independent Western replication is limited. The proposed mechanism of direct peptide-DNA interaction is not widely accepted in mainstream molecular biology.
Research & Educational Use Only
All content is for informational and research purposes only. This site does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any peptide or supplement.
The information presented here is compiled from published research studies and is intended for informational purposes only. Individual results may vary. Always consult with a licensed healthcare provider.